Market Intelligence

2025 Korea-Bangladesh CEPA: Negotiation Status and Korean Company Strategies

Korea-Bangladesh CEPA: Current Negotiation Status

This report analyzes the progress of the Korea-Bangladesh CEPA (Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement), the highest-level bilateral economic treaty covering tariff reduction, investment protection, service liberalization, and economic cooperation.

As Bangladesh prepares for LDC graduation in November 2026, both countries formally launched negotiations in 2024, targeting conclusion in 2026–2027. Upon CEPA entry into force, Korean companies will have a stable institutional framework for export, investment, and service expansion. Current bilateral trade stands at $3B+/year (Korean exports $1.5B+, imports $1.5B+), with an additional $500M+/year expected once CEPA takes effect.

Launched 2024
CEPA Negotiations
Target conclusion 2026–27
$3B+/yr
Bilateral Trade
2024 basis
$1.5B+
Korean Exports
Textiles, machinery, chemicals
$1.5B+
Korean Imports
Garments, seafood
$500M+
Cumulative Investment
Korea → Bangladesh
80%+ lines
Tariff Liberalization
Target
$500M+
Export Growth Expected
Annual after entry into force
Nov 2026
LDC Graduation
Background driving acceleration

Negotiation Status by Domain

CEPA Negotiation Progress by Domain
DomainKorea PositionBangladesh PositionConvergence LevelOutlook
Goods TariffsLiberalize 80%+ linesProtect sensitive items70% agreedLikely conclusion
ServicesOpen ICT and financePhased opening50% agreedFurther talks needed
Investment ProtectionISD/ISDS inclusionLimited ISDS scope60% agreedLikely conclusion
Rules of Origin40% value additionFlexible application60% agreedUnder coordination
Economic CooperationKSP and EDCFTechnology transfer80% agreedNear conclusion

Comparison with Korea's Existing Trade Agreements

Korea currently operates multiple trade agreements in Asia, including the Korea-ASEAN FTA and Korea-India CEPA. The Korea-Bangladesh CEPA is advancing with broader scope and faster momentum building on these precedents. The Korea-India CEPA (2010) drove a +30% increase in Korean exports to India over 5 years after entry into force, while the Korea-ASEAN FTA (2007) achieved +25% trade growth — both serving as benchmarks for the Bangladesh negotiations.

Comparison of Korea's Asia CEPA/FTA Agreements
AgreementEntry into ForceLiberalization RateExport GrowthKey Benefits
Korea-India CEPA201080%+ goods+30% (5 years)Machinery, electronics, steel
Korea-ASEAN FTA200790%+ goods+25% (5 years)Automobiles, electronics, chemicals
Korea-Vietnam FTA201592%+ goods+35% (5 years)Electronics, machinery, textiles
Korea-Bangladesh CEPAUnder negotiation80%+ target+20%+ expectedTextiles, machinery, IT

Trade Impact Analysis

Korean Export Impact (Post-CEPA)
Textile InputsDuty 5% → 0%, +$200M expected
Electronics ComponentsDuty 10% → 0%, +$150M expected
Steel and ChemicalsDuty 8% → 2%, +$100M expected
Machinery and EquipmentDuty 5% → 0%, +$50M expected
Korean Import Impact (Post-CEPA)
ApparelDuty 13% → 5%, consumer benefit
SeafoodDuty 10% → 3%, import expansion
Jute ProductsDuty 5% → 0%, modest increase
PharmaceuticalsDuty 8% → 3%, generic imports

Before and After CEPA Entry into Force

Current Status (Pre-CEPA)
Goods TariffsAverage 12–15%
Investment ProtectionBased on BIT (2010)
ServicesIndividual licensing required
Rules of OriginCumulation not applicable
After CEPA Entry into Force
Goods Tariffs0–5% (80%+ of lines)
Investment ProtectionISD/ISDS international arbitration
ServicesICT, finance, logistics liberalized
Rules of OriginCumulation applicable

Korean Company Utilization Strategies

01
Export Expansion Strategy
Upon CEPA conclusion, tariffs on Korean exports (textile inputs, electronics components, steel, machinery) will fall from 12–15% to 0–5%. Garment industry inputs (fabrics, trimmings, sewing machinery) alone could expand by $200M+ annually. Total export growth impact is estimated at $500M+/year.
02
Leveraging Investment Protection
The CEPA investment chapter (ISD/ISDS) provides Korean companies legal protection for their Bangladesh investments. Access to international arbitration covering expropriation, discriminatory treatment, and remittance restrictions is guaranteed — dramatically reducing investment risk. Protections are significantly enhanced compared to the current BIT (2010).
03
Service Market Entry
Using the CEPA services chapter, Korean companies can enter Bangladesh service markets (finance, ICT, logistics, construction engineering). Establishing local entities, deploying professional personnel, and obtaining licenses become easier. Opportunities in the digital economy sector will expand substantially.
04
Cumulative Rules of Origin Strategy
Using CEPA cumulation rules, the Korean inputs → Bangladesh processing → third-country (EU/US) export route can maximize tariff benefits. As Bangladesh faces greater EU tariff burden after LDC graduation, the cumulative origin strategy becomes essential for maintaining price competitiveness.

CEPA Utilization Flow

CEPA Utilization Process
Monitor Negotiations
Track CEPA progress in real time
Impact Analysis
Assess tariff and investment changes
Strategy Formulation
Plan exports, investment, and services
Design Rules of Origin
Optimize supply chain structure
Implement
$500M+ effect realization

Through Korea-Bangladesh CEPA conclusion, Korean companies can secure a stable institutional environment for entry across all fronts — exports, investment, and services. CEPA entry into force timed with LDC graduation provides Korean companies with the optimal institutional foundation for market expansion.

LDC Graduation Impact AnalysisReview the implications of Bangladesh's 2026 LDC graduation
Macroeconomic AnalysisReview 2025 Bangladesh GDP $491.82B analysis
Bangladesh Economy Overview 2025Review the economic potential of 176M population and $438B GDP
2024 KOTRA Project SeminarReview KOTRA seminar promising projects and entry support programs
CEPAFTATariffTradeAgreementLDCGraduation
2025 Korea-Bangladesh CEPA: Negotiation Status and Korean Company Strategies | Dhaka Trade Portal